optics+notes

[] - curriculum


 * Optics Kit Activities**
 * 1) light circle
 * 2) combining colors/color theory
 * 3) incidence/reflection
 * 4) refraction
 * 5) concave mirrors
 * 6) convex mirrors
 * 7) concave lens
 * 8) convex lens


 * FIBER OPTICS**

[] [] []


 * 300 billion bits of information/second
 * made from silica (sand)
 * 6 Encyclopedia Britanica's/second
 * 12,000,000,000 television signals can be carried in a singal fiber optic cable
 * 1940's?- trans Atlantic telephone cable
 * bioluminescence (chemiluminescence)- living things that produce light- jellyfish
 * travels by bouncing off the walls of the fiber
 * strands of optically pure glass a thin as a human hair


 * COLOR THEORY**
 * all colored objects reflect light (except black)
 * white light and/or sunlight is made up of "r o y g b i v"
 * each color within the visible spectrum has different wavelengths and frequencies
 * if you see red, it means that the red frequency is reflected back to you, all other frequencies are absorbed
 * a white object reflects back all frequencies, a black one absorbs all frequencies
 * light is both a wave and a particle


 * //WHAT IS LIGHT?//**

[] [] []

- light is a name for a range of EM radiation that can be detected by the human eye - EM radiation has characteristics like particles and waves ( energy that comes from stars) - light travels in waves - amplitude determains the brightness of light - wavelength determains the color of light - a laser has a higher amplitude - the particles of light are called photons - the speed of light 299 792 458 meters per second


 * ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM**

[]

-Gamma rays - high frequency electromagnetic wavelengths (short wavelengths, length of an atomic nucleus) and can cause nuclear damage in contact with living organisms -X rays - short wavelengths of radiation that can penetrate through objects making them see-throughable -Ultraviolet rays - electromagnetic waves with higher frequencies than that of the colour violet. This radiation is caused by the sun -Infrared rays - long wavelength, short frequency. Shows heat levels of objects -Radar -FM -TV -shortwave - Demonstrates bright energy. Similar to UV, Infrared, and Visible Radiation -AM- wavelength the size of buildings


 * //REFRACTION//**

[]

-is the bending of light -It is caused by light passing through one transparent medium to another then the light changes speed and bends -how much it bends depends on the difference in the refractive index of the mediums -eg. 1.0 and 1.1 would have a small bend and a 1.0 and a 4.24 would have a big bend -light sometimes refracts and results in a rainbow


 * REFLECTION**

-angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection


 * LENSES**

[|**http://www.iknowthat.com/com/L3?Area=OpticsWorkbench**] [|**http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rgpiJ5LGht4**] [|**http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics**]

-lenses can be used to focus light -Nimrud lens -oldest lens artifact -3000 years old -The word //lens// comes from the Latin name of the lentil -A lens transmits and refracts light -Lenses are typically made of glass or transparent plastic -a lens refracts light by either converging or diverging -convex lens focuses (converges light) -concave diverges light


 * //MICROSCOPES//**


 * []**

-made for magnifying objects -consists of several lenses forming the object by the lens or combination of lenses positioned near the object
 * -Compound microscope**


 * Optical microscope**


 * -also called "light microscope" **
 * -type of compound microscope **
 * -used to magnify small objects **
 * -oldest type of microscope **
 * -easiest to use **


 * Digital microscope**

-usually no eyepieces to look at objects directly
 * -**has a digital CCD camera attached
 * -**connected to LCD or computer monitor


 * Fluorescent microscope**

-special type of light microscope -fluorescence and phosphorescence used to view samples and their properties
 * -**also called an epifluorescent microscope


 * //EYES AND SIGHT//**

[] []
 * the eye uses the retina to produce an image while the camera uses film
 * a camera and the eye both gathered light and transform it into a picture that we can interpret


 * Retina**
 * retina has two kinds of light receptors, cones and rods
 * cones are in the center of the retina (it absorbs strong light and sense colors)
 * rods absorb soft light and sense black and white


 * Vitreous body**
 * is a clear gel-like substance filling eyeball behind lens
 * when you get old the vitreous body shrinks in volume


 * OPTICAL ILLUSIONS**

[] [] Go down to the Peripheral escalator, How it works: you see that the things move left and right, but if you look several inches above the screen, i moves in a diagonal pattern


 * TELESCOPES**

[]


 * LIGHT BULBS, ETC**.

[] [] [] []


 * LIGHT STICKS, LUMINESCENT, PHOPHORESCENT, INCANDESCENT, FLOURESCENT, BIOLUMINESCENT**

[] [] []


 * OPTICS PROJECTS**
 * 1) Pick a topic from above (ex. fiber optics)
 * 2) Research the topic thoroughly
 * history of fiber optics
 * science of fiber optics
 * animations explaining fiber optics
 * uses and importance to scoiety of fiber optics
 * disadvantages/advantages of fiber optics
 * maps if applicable
 * inventors, pictures
 * 1) prepare a photo story to present this information
 * 2) you must narrate the photo story
 * 3) use the rubric below to plan and evaluate your project
 * || **not meeting** || **meeting** || **exceeding** ||
 * **planning** || insufficient planning resulted in inadequate content and presentation || adequate planning resulted in adequate content and presentation || excellent planning resulted in excellent content and presentation ||
 * **interest** || student work did not hold the interest of the viewer || student work held the interest of the viewer somewhat || work held the viewers interest exceptionally well ||
 * **voice** || the story was not told in an organised and clear way, with no attention to voice modulation, pausing, emphasis and content || the story was told in a way that was somewhat organised, using some voice modulation pausing, emphasis and content || the story was told in a compelling way with an organised voice using modulation, pausing, emphasis and content ||
 * **writing** || writing was not used effectively to plan the voice and incorporate content || writing was adequate to effectively communicate ideas || writing was used very effectively to create compelling content ||
 * **content** || content was not meeting expectations || content was adequate || content was exceptional ||