water

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 * CLEAN WATER**

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- 18% of the world's population has NO access to clean water - 3 largest water consumers are USA, China and India - diarrhea from unclean water kills 2 million people/year - floods and drought are major problems in some countries


 * BOTTLED WATER**
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 * EARTH'S WATER**

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The earth's water could be divided into: - salt water - 96.5% - frozen water - 1.7% - ground water - 1.7% - contaminated water - .1% - fresh water - 1 drop / 1 litre


 * WATER IN CANADA**

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[]- virtual river

- Lake Winnipeg - Lake Superior - Lake Huron - Lake Ontario - Lake Michigan - Lake Erie - Lake Winnipeg - Great Slave Lake - Lake Athabaska - Skeena River - Mackenzie River - South Sask. River - North Sask. River - Athabaska River - Nipigon River - Ottawa River - Saint John River - Atlantic Ocean - Pacific Ocean


 * OCEANS**

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- 99% of all living species on earth now extinct - 5 major extinctions - 4/5 extinctions due to global warming and anaerobic bacteria (don't need oxygen) that love hot - if poles warm, ocean conveyer (currents) stop - bacteria produce hydrogen sulphide, oceans turn purple, sky turns green - shark 400 million years old, nautilus 500 million, humans 200 000 years (2500 times less)

- fertilizers and sewage dumped in oceans and through rivers - marine deserts, no oxygen in water (hypoxia) - dead zones ( up to 70 000 sq. km ) - fish species going extinct

- 5% of deep ocean is explored - ocean bottom is more toxic to humans than outer space - sulphur from volcanic vents - bioluminescence- most common communication tool on earth


 * OCEANOGRAPHY CAREERS**

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 * ICE (CRYOSPHERE), GLACIERS, ICE AGES**

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 * GROUND WATER**

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 * WATER EROSION**

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 * WAVES**

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 * WATER POLLUTION**

__Types of Water Pollutants__ These compounds can be broken down by chemical reactions or by natural bacteria into simple, non-polluting substances such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen. The process can lead to low oxygen levels if the pollution load is high. But this damage is reversible.
 * 1. Non-persistent (degradable)**
 * domestic sewage
 * fertilizers
 * some industrial wastes

This is the most rapidly growing type of pollution and includes substances that degrade very slowly or cannot be broken down at all; they may remain in the aquatic environment for years or longer periods of time. The damage they cause is either irreversible or reparable only over decades or centuries.
 * 2. Persistent (degrade slowly)**
 * some pesticides (e.g., DDT, dieldrin)
 * some components from landfill sites (municipal, industrial)
 * petroleum and petroleum products
 * radioactive materials such as strontium-90, cesium-137, radium-226, and uranium
 * metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium

These are examples not of chemical pollution, but of physical pollution which interferes mainly with the usability and/or aesthetic appeal of the water. In certain cases, thermal pollution can kill fish.
 * 3. Other**
 * warm water from cooling towers (thermal pollution)
 * floating debris
 * garbage
 * foam

There are over 360 chemical compounds that have been identified in the Great Lakes, many of which are potentially dangerous to humans and already destructive to the aquatic ecosystems.
 * The Great Lakes**


 * WATER CYCLE**


 * The Water Cycle**
 * water is billions of years old
 * evaporation- water to gas/vapour to atmosphere, takes heat
 * transpiration- water to gas from plants to atmosphere
 * condensation- gas cooled, forms clouds, cool air holds less water
 * precipitation- rain
 * collection- rivers, lakes, groundwater, oceans

Rock Cycle Carbon Cycle


 * OCEAN CURRENTS**
 * []-- el nino**


 * water temp
 * density
 * earth's rotation
 * winds
 * continents
 * glaciers, antarctica, arctic
 * ocean bottom
 * tsunasmi's?


 * EXPERIMENT**

-air pressure, 101kPa {pascals}, water pressure (more!)- depends on depth -when cup is turned down air pressure acting up is greater than the water pressure acting down which makes the laminated paper stick on the glass, does not work with smaller hole because water pressure increases


 * RANDOM**

-1000 water pressure to 101 air pressure, guts out the anus (National Geographic) -temperature messures how fast the molecules move - everything has moving atoms, ex.- bone atoms,skin atoms,water atoms. - ocean currents are formed by warm water rising up and the cold water moving to the side and going down to become warm water again - all matter made of atoms, atoms are mostly empty space


 * WATER FOOTPRINT**

Water Footprint Calculator []

The average Canadian's water usage is 125,000 litres of water per person per year, and the average European's is 73,000 litres.

Water Usage - Stats

1 litre of Milk = 1000 litres of water 1 Beef steak = 4500 litres of water 1 Pork steak = 1440 litres of water 1 Chicken breast = 1170 litres of water 1 pound of Wheat = 500 litres of water 1 Apple = 70 litres of water 500g of Cheese = 2500 litres of water 200g of Potato Chips = 185 litres of water 1 cob of Corn = 450 litres of water

** Water Critical Thinking **: **What is the most harmful water issue in the world and what can you do about it?** - We will do research on all the issues and create a list of things we each can do to protect our water

1. 3rd world disease 2. Thermal pollution 3. Bottled water- Carter, Tanner, Tyson, Kathleen 4. Oil spills - Taylor, Lexi, Tashina 5. Industrial waste (mercury)- Mark 6. Global warming (rising water levels)- Geraldine, Kristelle, Sabrina 7. Pesticides- Logan 8. Fertilizer (phosphates)- 9. Salinization (irrigation) 10. Dams- Sarah, MacKenzie, Sierra 11. Sewage treatment- 12. Food and water footprint 13. Products and water footprint 14. First nations viewpoint on water- Brayden 15. Dead Zones- Cole, Devon, Lance, Kayla 16. floods- Ashlyn, Austin, Sheldon 17. droughts- Noah, Lee Choose one of the above and: 1. Learn about it a. Describe the problem b. What can we do about it? c. What can you do about it? 2. Take jot notes 3. Reference your work (links) 4. Share what you find by speaking to the class 5. Decide on what is the most harmful issue after hearing the presentations

Due date: __ periods of research